Air Pollution Control A Design Approach [P.B]

A 25-year tradition of excellence is extended in the fourth edition of this highly regarded text. In clear, authoritative language, the authors discuss the philosophy and procedures for the design of air pollution control systems. Their objective is twofold: to present detailed information on air pollution and its control, and to provide formal design training for engineering students. New to this edition is a comprehensive chapter on carbon dioxide control, perhaps the most critical emerging issue in the field. Emphasis is on methods to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the technologies for carbon capture and sequestration. An expanded discussion of control technologies for coal-fired power plants includes details on the capture of NOx and mercury emissions. All chapters have been revised to reflect the most recent information on U.S. air quality trends and standards. Moreover, where available, equations for equipment cost estimation have been updated to the present time. Abundant illustrations clarify the concepts presented, while numerous examples and end-of-chapter problems reinforce the design principles and provide opportunities for students to enhance their problem-solving skills.

1. An Overview

Introduction / Definitions and Types of Pollutants / Pollutants of Global Concern / Legislative and Regulatory Trends / The Ideal Gas Law and Concentration Measurements in Gases / Other Applications of the Ideal Gas Law / Gas Flow Measurement / Causes, Sources, and Effects / National Air Quality Trends

2. What Is Process Design?

Introduction / General Design Considerations / Simple Analysis of a Coal-Fired Power Plant / Engineering Economics / APC Equipment Cost Estimation / Preliminary Fixed Capital Cost Estimates for Pollution Control Projects / Annual Operating Cost Estimates

3. Particulate Matter

Introduction / Characteristics of Particles / Particulate Behavior in Fluids / Overview of Particulate Control Equipment

4. Cyclones

Introduction / Theory / Design Considerations / Costs

5. Electrostatic Precipitators

Introduction / Theory / Design Considerations / Wet ESPs / Costs

6. Fabric Filters

Introduction / Theory / Design Considerations / Costs

7. Particulate Scrubbers

Introduction / Theory and Design Considerations / Other Considerations / Costs

8. Auxiliary Equipment: Hoods, Ducts, Fans, and Coolers

Introduction / Hoods / Ducts / Fans / Cooling Hot Airstreams / Costs

9. A Particulate Control Problem

Introduction / Problem Statement / Options for Final Control / Major Items of Equipment / Summary

10. Properties of Gases and Vapors

Introduction / Vapor Pressure / Diffusivities / Gas-Liquid and Gas-Solid Equilibria / Chemical Reactions

11. VOC Incinerators

Introduction / Theory / Design Considerations / Costs

12. Gas Adsorption

Introduction / Adsorption Theory / Physical Properties of Adsorbents / Fixed-Bed Adsorption Systems / Design of Fixed-Bed Adsorption Systems / Economics of Fixed-Bed Carbon Adsorption Systems / Fluidized-Bed Adsorbers

13. Gas Absorption

Introduction / Absorption Tower Design / Estimating the Cost of Absorption Towers / Stripping Operations

14. Biological Control of VOCs and Odors

Introduction / Theory and Descriptive Information / Key Considerations in the Design and Operation of Biofilters

15. Control of Sulfur Oxides

Introduction / Overview of Control Strategies / Limestone Scrubbing / Mercury Control / Costs

16. Control of Nitrogen Oxides

Introduction / Chemistry of NOx Formation / NOx Control: Stationary Sources / Costs

17. A Vapor Control Problem

Introduction / Problem Statement / Selecting a Design Flow Rate / Carbon Adsorption System / Thermal Incineration System / Catalytic Incineration System / Biofilter System / Summary

18. Mobile Sources: An Overview

Introduction / Magnitude of the Problem / Characteristics of Engines in Mobile Sources / Vehicle Emissions and Emission Controls / Other Measures for Control of Air Pollution from Vehicles

19. Air Pollution and Meteorology

Introduction / General Atmospheric Circulation Patterns / Local Circulation Effects / Atmospheric Stability and Vertical Mixing / Photochemistry and Smog / Meteorology and Air Pollution

20. Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling

Introduction / A Physical Explanation of Dispersion / The Gaussian Model / Tall Stacks and Plume Rise / Computer Programs for Dispersion Modeling (Point Sources) / Mobile Sources and Line Source Models

21. Indoor Air Quality and Control

Introduction / Some Pollutants of Concern / Source Control and Ventilation / Material Balance Models for Indoor Air Quality / Practical Solutions to IAQ Problems / Case Studies

22. Control of Carbon Dioxide

Introduction / Magnitude of the CO2 Problem / CO2 Prevention / CO2 Capture / Transportation and Sequestration of CO2 / Summary

Appendix A: Conversion Factors

Appendix B: Properties of Air and Other Materials

Appendix C: Some Properties of a Gaussian Distribution

Appendix D: Computer Programs

Appendix E: Practice Problems (with Solutions) in Air Quality for the P.E. Examination in Environmental Engineering

Appendix F: Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems